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Authority","url":"https://www.fca.org.uk/firms/financial-services-register","period":"Current regulatory permissions and status","cadenceHours":24,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-28"},{"id":"fca-complaints","title":"Firm-level complaints data","publisher":"Financial Conduct Authority","url":"https://www.fca.org.uk/data/firm-level-complaints-data","period":"Half-yearly regulated-firm complaints","cadenceHours":720,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-28"},{"id":"fos-q1-2026","title":"Quarterly complaints data: Q1 2026/27","publisher":"Financial Ombudsman Service","url":"https://www.financial-ombudsman.org.uk/businesses/resolving-complaint/our-insight/quarterly-complaints-data-q1-2026-27","period":"April to June 2026","cadenceHours":720,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-28"},{"id":"ifed-ghost-2023","title":"Ghost broker sentenced for £302,000 insurance policy scam","publisher":"City of London Police / IFED","url":"https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/news/city-of-london/news/2023/august/ghost-broker-sentenced-for-302000-insurance-policy-scam/","period":"Enforcement case","cadenceHours":2160,"published":"2023-08-01","checked":"2026-09-28"},{"id":"ifed-ghost-apr-2025","title":"Man jailed for fake car-insurance fraud","publisher":"City of London Police / IFED","url":"https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/news/city-of-london/news/2025/april/man-jailed-for-fake-car-insurance-fraud2/","period":"Enforcement case","cadenceHours":2160,"published":"2025-04-30","checked":"2026-09-28"},{"id":"ifed-ghost-sep-2025","title":"Serial ghost broker sentenced after repeated warnings","publisher":"City of London Police / IFED","url":"https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/news/city-of-london/news/2025/september/serial-ghost-broker-sentenced-after-ignoring-repeated-warnings/","period":"Enforcement case","cadenceHours":2160,"published":"2025-09-19","checked":"2026-09-28"},{"id":"ifed-ghost-jul-2024","title":"Fraudster sentenced for £17,000 Instagram policy scam","publisher":"City of London Police / IFED","url":"https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/news/city-of-london/news/2024/july/fraudster-sentenced-for-17000-instagram-insurance-policy-scam/","period":"Enforcement case","cadenceHours":2160,"published":"2024-07-25","checked":"2026-09-28"},{"id":"ifed-confiscation-2025","title":"Fake car-insurance fraudsters ordered to repay £376,000","publisher":"City of London Police / IFED","url":"https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/news/city-of-london/news/2025/march/fake-car-insurance-fraudsters-ordered-to-pay-back-376000/","period":"Enforcement and confiscation case","cadenceHours":2160,"published":"2025-03-10","checked":"2026-09-28"},{"id":"ifed-crackdown-2025","title":"Nationwide crackdown on ghost broking","publisher":"City of London Police / IFED","url":"https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/news/city-of-london/news/2025/june/city-of-london-police-leads-nationwide-crackdown-on-ghost-broking/","period":"Enforcement operation","cadenceHours":720,"published":null,"checked":"2026-09-28"}],"checks":[{"id":"identity","label":"Identity","meaning":"Match a person to identity evidence; document and biometric checks can support this.","limit":"A document match does not establish the truth of every proposal answer.","sourceIds":["entrust"]},{"id":"address","label":"Address","meaning":"Standardise an address or corroborate an association with it. These are different checks.","limit":"A valid postal address does not prove residence or where a vehicle is kept overnight.","sourceIds":["loqate","percayso"]},{"id":"ncd","label":"No Claims Bonus / Discount","meaning":"Compare the declared entitlement with contributed policy history.","limit":"A no-match needs follow-up. Protected discount and years claim-free are not interchangeable.","sourceIds":["ncd"]},{"id":"claims","label":"Claims history","meaning":"Compare declarations with reported incident and claim records.","limit":"Reporting lags and matching errors remain possible; absence of a match is not a clean-history guarantee.","sourceIds":["mib"]},{"id":"driving","label":"Driving record","meaning":"Check recorded licence entitlements, points and disqualifications.","limit":"Confirm the service’s geographic scope and permitted use.","sourceIds":["dvla-driver"]},{"id":"convictions","label":"Motoring convictions","meaning":"Use driving-record information to check relevant motoring declarations.","limit":"This is not a general criminal-record search. Spent convictions are excluded from MyLicence.","sourceIds":["mib","dvla-driver"]},{"id":"ownership","label":"Vehicle ownership / keeper","meaning":"Reconcile vehicle, keeper, purchase and finance evidence.","limit":"A registration or vehicle-history match alone cannot establish the proposer’s legal ownership.","sourceIds":["vehicle-check","hpi"]},{"id":"vehicle","label":"Vehicle history & mileage","meaning":"Check vehicle attributes, recorded history and MOT readings.","limit":"MOT readings describe a vehicle at test dates; they do not identify the driver or prove future annual mileage.","sourceIds":["vehicle-check","hpi"]},{"id":"occupation","label":"Occupation / business","meaning":"Corroborate a declared business or director role with company information.","limit":"Companies House is not an employment register. Job duties, employment and income need separate evidence.","sourceIds":["companies-house"]},{"id":"proposal","label":"Proposal consistency","meaning":"Identify changed answers and mismatches across quotes, policies and documents.","limit":"An inconsistent answer is a referral signal, not proof of deliberate misrepresentation.","sourceIds":["percayso","guardian"]},{"id":"documents","label":"Document & image integrity","meaning":"Look for alteration, reuse and synthetic evidence.","limit":"A detector score cannot establish fraud by itself. Retain originals and corroborate the underlying event.","sourceIds":["friss","guardian"]},{"id":"loss","label":"Claim & loss consistency","meaning":"Compare the claim narrative, supporting files and available records for inconsistencies.","limit":"Investigation support is not access to a complete claims-history database or proof of fraud.","sourceIds":["guardian","shift"]},{"id":"fraud-history","label":"Shared fraud intelligence","meaning":"Search contributed fraud records and related intelligence.","limit":"Check match quality, record type and permitted use before making an adverse decision.","sourceIds":["cifas","ifb"]}],"products":[{"id":"entrust-idv","name":"Identity Verification","provider":"Entrust (formerly Onfido)","kind":"Identity & document checks","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["identity","documents"],"method":"Document & biometric check","result":"Document authenticity and biometric identity signals.","limits":"Not a check of occupation, claims history or No Claims Bonus. UK document coverage and workflow need confirmation.","access":"Commercial integration; confirm supported documents and data handling with supplier.","uk":"International service; confirm the contracted UK document coverage.","sourceIds":["entrust"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"loqate","name":"Verify","provider":"Loqate","kind":"Address data","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale"],"checks":["address"],"method":"Address validation","result":"Address cleansing, correction and standardisation.","limits":"Validates the address itself, not the person’s residence or overnight parking.","access":"Commercial address service; integration and volume pricing by supplier.","uk":"UK product documentation.","sourceIds":["loqate"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"lexis-ncd","name":"No Claims Discount Module","provider":"LexisNexis Risk Solutions","kind":"Insurance history","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale"],"checks":["ncd"],"method":"Contributory record match","result":"NCD history at quote or post-sale.","limits":"Match and contribution coverage apply. An unmatched customer needs another validation route.","access":"Commercial insurer/broker agreement.","uk":"UK motor product.","sourceIds":["ncd"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"mib-cue","name":"Claims Underwriting Exchange (CUE)","provider":"MIB","kind":"Insurance history","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["claims"],"method":"Contributory record match","result":"Reported motor, household and personal-injury claims.","limits":"Reported records are not a guarantee of complete history.","access":"Authorised organisations; contribution requirements.","uk":"UK industry service.","sourceIds":["mib"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"mib-mylicence","name":"MyLicence","provider":"MIB / DVLA","kind":"Driving records","stages":["Pre-sale"],"checks":["driving","convictions"],"method":"Authoritative record check","result":"Driving-record information during quotation.","limits":"Excludes medical data and spent convictions.","access":"MIB onboarding and licence number.","uk":"DVLA driving-record service.","sourceIds":["mib"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"dvla-check","name":"Share Driving Licence check","provider":"DVLA","kind":"Driving records","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale"],"checks":["driving","convictions"],"method":"Authoritative record check","result":"Entitlements, penalty points and disqualifications.","limits":"One-use code, valid for 21 days; driver permission required. Not a general criminal-record check.","access":"Driver-supplied check code and last eight licence characters.","uk":"DVLA service; check separate arrangements for Northern Ireland.","sourceIds":["dvla-driver"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"mib-navigate","name":"Navigate: policy, salvage & theft data","provider":"MIB","kind":"Vehicle & policy history","stages":["Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["vehicle"],"method":"Contributory record match","result":"Insurance status and recorded salvage/theft history.","limits":"Does not prove ownership.","access":"Authorised professionals only.","uk":"UK industry data.","sourceIds":["mib"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"hpi","name":"HPI Check","provider":"HPI","kind":"Vehicle history","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["ownership","vehicle"],"method":"Corroboration","result":"Vehicle-history checks using finance, vehicle and other records.","limits":"History and finance signals support ownership enquiries; they do not prove the proposer owns the vehicle.","access":"Paid checks; commercial use and integration require the appropriate agreement.","uk":"UK vehicle-history service.","sourceIds":["hpi","vehicle-check"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"companies-house","name":"Company information search","provider":"Companies House","kind":"Business records","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale"],"checks":["occupation"],"method":"Corroboration","result":"Company details, officers and filed documents.","limits":"Supports a company or directorship check. Does not verify every person’s employment, occupation or job duties.","access":"Public service; API available subject to its terms.","uk":"UK company register.","sourceIds":["companies-house"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"percayso","name":"Quote & Policy Intelligence","provider":"Percayso Inform","kind":"Enrichment & quote history","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale"],"checks":["proposal","address"],"method":"Inconsistency flag","result":"Quote manipulation indicators and post-sale policy analysis, including daily inceptions and whole-book reviews.","limits":"Licensed sources and fields depend on the agreement. Bureau enrichment is not proof of residence or every declaration.","access":"Commercial integration; request the data dictionary and configured source coverage.","uk":"UK insurance-focused documentation.","sourceIds":["percayso"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"cifas","name":"National Fraud Database","provider":"Cifas","kind":"Shared fraud intelligence","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["fraud-history","identity"],"method":"Contributory record match","result":"Fraud-risk records including identity fraud, false applications and insurance claims.","limits":"Not a criminal-convictions database. A match requires interpretation and investigation.","access":"Membership, permitted-purpose checks and staff training.","uk":"UK cross-sector database.","sourceIds":["cifas"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"shift","name":"Fraud & Risk","provider":"Shift Technology","kind":"Claims & investigation analytics","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["proposal","loss","documents","fraud-history"],"method":"Inconsistency flag","result":"Fraud triage, evidence analysis and investigation support.","limits":"Configured data determines coverage. US Insurance Data Network statistics are not UK coverage or performance evidence.","access":"Commercial insurer integration; confirm UK scope and datasets.","uk":"Supplier publishes a Markerstudy reference; specific deployment scope needs confirmation.","sourceIds":["shift","shift-uk"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"friss-media","name":"Media Check","provider":"FRISS","kind":"Media forensics","stages":["Claim"],"checks":["documents"],"method":"Document integrity","result":"Supplier-described reuse, metadata, image alteration, PDF integrity and AI-image checks.","limits":"No independent UK performance benchmark in this release. Global marketing rates are not a UK AI-fraud rate.","access":"Commercial integration; verify UK availability and sample performance.","uk":"International product; UK implementation not established by this source.","sourceIds":["friss"],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"},{"id":"guardian-integrity-shield","name":"Guardian Integrity Shield","provider":"InsureLab.ai","kind":"Application, claims & document review","stages":["Pre-sale","Post-sale","Claim"],"checks":["proposal","documents","loss"],"method":"Inconsistency flag","result":"Supplier describes application, claims and document-integrity checks with decisions retained by the insurer or broker.","limits":"Field-level identity, NCD, DVLA or CUE access is not established by this page. No independent detection, savings or false-positive benchmark is claimed here.","access":"Supplier engagement; confirm timing, licensed data, integrations and service scope.","uk":"UK insurance offering; public supplier documentation.","sourceIds":["guardian"],"relatedParty":true,"services":[{"name":"Application Validation","stage":"Pre-sale / post-sale; timing to confirm","description":"Checks for inconsistent declarations and suspicious applications."},{"name":"Claims Validation","stage":"Claim","description":"Checks claims and supporting evidence for inconsistencies and fraud indicators."}],"evidenceLevel":"Publicly documented"}],"metrics":[{"id":"abi-claims-2024","label":"Detected dishonest claims","value":98400,"unit":"claims","period":"2024","scope":"UK • all insurance classes • ABI reporting","stage":"Claim","sourceIds":["abi-fraud"],"note":"Detected cases, not the total incidence of fraud. This figure does not identify AI use."},{"id":"aviva-applications-2025","label":"Fraudulent applications detected","value":105000,"qualifier":">","unit":"applications","period":"2025","scope":"Aviva UK general insurance • excludes Direct Line","stage":"Application","sourceIds":["aviva-2025"],"note":"One insurer’s count; no application denominator or AI-attributed share is given."}],"signals":[{"id":"aviva-ai-2025","title":"Aviva reports growing use of AI-generated claims evidence","stage":"Claim","aiEvidence":"Insurer-reported AI involvement","date":"2026-06-08","period":"Calendar year 2025","geography":"UK • Aviva, excluding Direct Line","detail":"Aviva reports more claims supported by synthetic accident or damage images and manipulated documents, particularly in motor. It does not quantify the AI-attributed share.","implication":"Check original media and the underlying event. This supports an emerging risk, not a measured UK-wide increase caused by AI.","sourceIds":["aviva-2025"]},{"id":"application-manipulation","title":"Changing answers is a validation problem before it is an AI claim","stage":"Application","aiEvidence":"AI attribution not established","date":"2026-09-22","period":"Product documentation as at September 2026","geography":"UK","detail":"Percayso documents comparison of quotes and retrospective policy analysis to identify manipulation.","implication":"Compare declarations across the journey and refer material inconsistencies. A changed answer alone does not establish intent or AI involvement.","sourceIds":["percayso"]},{"id":"synthetic-evidence","title":"Images and documents need their own integrity checks","stage":"Claim","aiEvidence":"Supplier-described capability","date":"2026-09-22","period":"Product documentation as at September 2026","geography":"International; UK validation required","detail":"FRISS describes checks for synthetic images, altered PDFs and reused evidence.","implication":"Combine media analysis with original files, incident evidence and human review. A synthetic-content score is not a fraud verdict.","sourceIds":["friss"]},{"id":"guardian-controls","title":"Application and claim evidence in the same review workflow","stage":"Both","aiEvidence":"Supplier-described capability","date":"2026-09-22","period":"Product documentation as at September 2026","geography":"UK","detail":"Guardian Integrity Shield describes application, claims and document checks, including AI-generated evidence.","implication":"Test the extra cases found after existing controls, and the impact on genuine customers. Supplier claims are not observed performance.","sourceIds":["guardian"]}],"interpretations":[{"id":"frequency","title":"Frequency","body":"Track detected cases per application or claim as well as the total count. Better detection can increase recorded fraud without an increase in underlying incidence."},{"id":"severity","title":"Severity","body":"Separate attempted value, confirmed avoided cost and recovered cash. Compare net savings after investigation and supplier costs."},{"id":"exposure","title":"Exposure basis","body":"Applications, bound policies, claims and uploaded documents are different denominators. Keep stage and observation period attached to every result."},{"id":"accumulation","title":"Tail and accumulation risk","body":"Reused identities, documents and networks can create correlated losses. Look beyond a single policy while checking false matches."},{"id":"selection","title":"Price response and selection","body":"Manipulation can change which risks enter the book. Measure performance after price changes and referral rules, allowing for shifts in business mix."},{"id":"capital","title":"Capital vulnerability","body":"Fast binding and settlement shorten the time available to intervene. Test controls against new manipulation methods before widening automation."},{"id":"customer","title":"Customer expectation","body":"Measure the time and effort imposed on genuine applicants and claimants, including those with thin data histories."},{"id":"duty","title":"Duty to act","body":"Use explainable referrals, proportionate evidence requests and a correction route. Do not treat an anomaly, missing record or model score as a finding of fraud."}],"benchmarks":[{"id":"coverage","label":"Coverage & match rate","method":"Eligible UK records matched / eligible records submitted. Break down by segment and reason for no match."},{"id":"accuracy","label":"Accuracy & false positives","method":"Confirmed outcomes from blinded review; count genuine customers incorrectly referred as well as fraud correctly detected."},{"id":"incremental","label":"Incremental detection","method":"Additional confirmed cases beyond the insurer’s current controls, with a held-out comparison and matching time period."},{"id":"saving","label":"Net financial benefit","method":"Confirmed avoided or recovered cost less investigation, supplier and integration costs. Exclude unconfirmed attempted values."},{"id":"customer","label":"Customer & operational impact","method":"Referral rate, abandonment, evidence requests, review time, settlement delay and overturned decisions."},{"id":"reliability","label":"Cost & reliability","method":"Cost per eligible check and confirmed case; response time, uptime, failure handling and repeatability."}],"changes":[{"id":"public-data-lab-v1","date":"2026-09-28","title":"Free public-data lab added","detail":"ABI, Cifas, OIC, CRU, MIB, police, MOT, DfT, FCA, FOS and IFED evidence added with explicit evidence labels and exclusions."},{"id":"launch","date":"2026-09-22","title":"Insurance Fraud tracker established","detail":"UK validation directory, application and claims evidence, product limitations and source register added to the shared release. All product profiles start at publicly documented; none is presented as independently tested."}],"_provenance":{"basis":"Initial source-referenced product directory; publicly documented capabilities, not independent testing","addedAt":"2026-09-22T15:06:59.035Z","addedBy":"authorised pipeline operations","sourceAccessedAt":"2026-09-22","humanReviewedAt":null},"publicDataLab":{"version":"insurance-fraud-public-data-v1","asOf":"2026-09-28","geography":"United Kingdom; Great Britain where source coverage requires it","badges":[{"kind":"Direct fraud measure","definition":"A source explicitly records detected, confirmed or prevented fraud. It still measures detection, not every event that occurred."},{"kind":"Reported-case measure","definition":"A case or complaint count from a reporting system. Coverage depends on who reports and how records are classified."},{"kind":"Contextual indicator","definition":"A related exposure, claims or crime measure. It can test plausibility or pressure, but cannot establish fraud on its own."}],"detectedClaims":[{"year":2022,"claims":72600,"valueGbp":1100000000,"sourceIds":["abi-fraud-2022"],"note":"Originally published ABI member detection total."},{"year":2023,"claims":88100,"valueGbp":1140000000,"sourceIds":["abi-fraud-2024"],"note":"Restated in the following ABI release; the earlier publication reported 84,400 claims and about £1.1bn."},{"year":2024,"claims":98400,"valueGbp":1160000000,"sourceIds":["abi-fraud-2024"],"note":"Latest annual ABI member detection total in this release."}],"headlineMetrics":[{"id":"motor-detected-2024","label":"Detected motor scams","value":51700,"unit":"claims","period":"2024","kind":"Direct fraud measure","sourceIds":["abi-fraud-2024"],"note":"£576m; 53% of detected dishonest claims reported by ABI members."},{"id":"applications-prevented-2024","label":"Fraudulent applications prevented","value":684800,"unit":"applications","period":"2024","change":"+7.4% year on year","kind":"Direct fraud measure","sourceIds":["abi-fraud-2024"],"note":"Prevention count, not bound policies or claims."},{"id":"exaggerated-loss-2024","label":"Exaggerated-loss value","value":466000000,"unit":"GBP","period":"2024","change":"+10% year on year","kind":"Direct fraud measure","sourceIds":["abi-fraud-2024"],"note":"Detected value reported by ABI members."}],"identityFraud":{"period":"2025","identityCases":242000,"identityShare":54,"insuranceIdentityCases":16000,"insuranceIdentityQualifier":">","insuranceIdentityChange":"+26%","misuseCases":106000,"misuseQualifier":">","misuseChange":"+43%","sourceIds":["cifas-fraudscape-2026"],"note":"Cifas National Fraud Database member reporting. Counts are sector/member submissions, not total UK prevalence."},"oic":{"period":"April–June 2026","submitted":56812,"represented":49628,"unrepresented":7184,"liabilityDecisions":36409,"settlementsClosed":24961,"sinceLaunch":1324098,"averageDaysToSettlement":367,"exits":27486,"monthly":[{"month":"2025-07","claims":21112},{"month":"2025-08","claims":17925},{"month":"2025-09","claims":19878},{"month":"2025-10","claims":20974},{"month":"2025-11","claims":19216},{"month":"2025-12","claims":19278},{"month":"2026-01","claims":21764},{"month":"2026-02","claims":20162},{"month":"2026-03","claims":21441},{"month":"2026-04","claims":19115},{"month":"2026-05","claims":17476},{"month":"2026-06","claims":20221}],"sourceIds":["oic-data","oic-q2-2026"],"note":"OIC operational data. A formal fraud allegation can be one reason for exit, but the exit total is not a fraud count."},"cru":[{"period":"2018/19","registeredMotorCases":660608,"motorSettlements":654810,"sourceIds":["cru-performance"]},{"period":"2019/20","registeredMotorCases":653052,"motorSettlements":671895,"sourceIds":["cru-performance"]},{"period":"2020/21","registeredMotorCases":446976,"motorSettlements":550338,"sourceIds":["cru-performance"]},{"period":"2021/22","registeredMotorCases":387687,"motorSettlements":447629,"sourceIds":["cru-performance"]},{"period":"2022/23","registeredMotorCases":367535,"motorSettlements":405342,"sourceIds":["cru-performance"]},{"period":"2023/24","registeredMotorCases":348806,"motorSettlements":413763,"sourceIds":["cru-performance"]},{"period":"2024/25","registeredMotorCases":312283,"motorSettlements":369490,"sourceIds":["cru-performance"]},{"period":"2025/26","registeredMotorCases":300867,"motorSettlements":333042,"recoveriesGbp":60086016.57,"sourceIds":["cru-performance"]}],"uninsuredHotspots":[{"rank":1,"district":"RM19","area":"Thurrock"},{"rank":2,"district":"B25","area":"Birmingham"},{"rank":3,"district":"B18","area":"Birmingham"},{"rank":4,"district":"PE1","area":"Peterborough"},{"rank":5,"district":"B66","area":"Sandwell"},{"rank":6,"district":"RM1","area":"Havering"},{"rank":7,"district":"B21","area":"Birmingham"},{"rank":8,"district":"M18","area":"Manchester"},{"rank":9,"district":"B35","area":"Birmingham"},{"rank":10,"district":"BT17","area":"Belfast"},{"rank":11,"district":"IG7","area":"Epping Forest"},{"rank":12,"district":"BT13","area":"Belfast"},{"rank":13,"district":"HP18","area":"Buckinghamshire"},{"rank":14,"district":"BD7","area":"Bradford"},{"rank":15,"district":"LU1","area":"Luton"}],"uninsuredHotspotBasis":"MIB defendants in claims per 1,000 population over two years. CR0 had the largest raw count (30) but ranked 169 after allowing for population.","uninsuredHotspotSourceIds":["mib-uninsured-2025"],"ghostBrokingCases":[{"id":"ghost-302k","date":"2023-08-01","title":"£302,000 policy scam","channel":"Word of mouth and digital contact","outcome":"Sentenced","scale":"More than 900 motorists","sourceIds":["ifed-ghost-2023"]},{"id":"ghost-instagram-17k","date":"2024-07-25","title":"Instagram policy scam","channel":"Instagram","outcome":"Sentenced","scale":"£17,618","sourceIds":["ifed-ghost-jul-2024"]},{"id":"ghost-confiscation","date":"2025-03-10","title":"Proceeds recovered from fake-policy network","channel":"Digital sales channels","outcome":"Confiscation orders","scale":"£376,000","sourceIds":["ifed-confiscation-2025"]},{"id":"ghost-jailed","date":"2025-04-30","title":"Fake car-insurance sales","channel":"Instagram","outcome":"Jailed","scale":"Case-level enforcement","sourceIds":["ifed-ghost-apr-2025"]},{"id":"ghost-crackdown","date":"2025-06-01","title":"Nationwide ghost-broking crackdown","channel":"Multiple online channels","outcome":"Enforcement operation","scale":"National operation","sourceIds":["ifed-crackdown-2025"]},{"id":"ghost-repeat","date":"2025-09-19","title":"Serial ghost broker","channel":"Repeated unauthorised broking","outcome":"32 weeks suspended for 12 months","scale":"Case-level enforcement","sourceIds":["ifed-ghost-sep-2025"]}],"customerHarm":[{"id":"fos-motor-q1-2026","label":"Car and motorcycle insurance complaints","value":4100,"comparison":2800,"period":"Q1 2026/27","comparisonPeriod":"Q1 2025/26","kind":"Reported-case measure","sourceIds":["fos-q1-2026"],"note":"Complaints include valuation, cancellation and delay disputes. They are a customer-harm guardrail, not a fraud estimate."}],"vehicleIntegrity":[{"id":"mileage-reversal","title":"Mileage reversal","measure":"Flag a lower odometer reading than an earlier MOT for the same vehicle.","interpretation":"A quality-controlled referral indicator. Unit changes, corrections and recording error must be resolved before any conclusion.","sourceIds":["dvsa-mot-open"],"href":"/data-lab/mot"},{"id":"test-gap","title":"Unusual test gaps","measure":"Compare the time and mileage between successive MOT observations.","interpretation":"A gap changes exposure confidence; it does not show who used the vehicle or why a test was delayed.","sourceIds":["dvsa-mot-open"],"href":"/data-lab/mot"},{"id":"stock-consistency","title":"Vehicle-stock consistency","measure":"Compare observed vehicle make, model, age and fuel patterns with licensed-stock totals.","interpretation":"Useful for denominator and plausibility checks, not identity or ownership proof.","sourceIds":["dft-vehicle-licensing"],"href":"/data-lab/public-motor-data"}],"sourceIds":["abi-fraud-2024","abi-fraud-2022","cifas-fraudscape-2026","oic-data","oic-q2-2026","cru-performance","mib-uninsured-2025","police-open-data","police-crime-tables","dvsa-mot-open","dft-vehicle-licensing","dft-road-traffic","dft-road-safety","fca-warning-list","fca-register","fca-complaints","fos-q1-2026","ifed-ghost-2023","ifed-ghost-apr-2025","ifed-ghost-sep-2025","ifed-ghost-jul-2024","ifed-confiscation-2025","ifed-crackdown-2025"],"exclusions":["CUE and MIB Navigate / MIPD row-level records","MyLicence and other permissioned driving-record services","IFB member intelligence and shared insurer case records","Cifas National Fraud Database row-level records","Credit-reference, identity and device-intelligence feeds","Insurer quote, policy, claim and payment records","Vendor-reported savings or detection rates without an auditable public denominator"],"methods":["Keep source publication date, observation period and retrieval date separate.","Never combine direct fraud, reported-case and contextual indicators into one fraud rate.","Use the latest published vintage and disclose revisions instead of silently mixing releases.","Compare adjacent fiscal and calendar periods only as contextual ratios, with the period mismatch visible.","Treat anomalies as referrals for corroboration—not findings about a person, policy or claim."]}}}